Please answer the following questions:
1. From Monday's discussion, the Cassiopeia Project video "Facts of Evolution," and notes from Google docs/textbook, describe the "evidences" that support evolution, change over time?
2. After reading the article: "Beyond Stones and Bones," what evidences did the researcher's (e.g., Dr. Mark Stoneking) find that support the theory of evolution, specifically the evolution of humans?
Hailey Edwards- Period 6
ReplyDeleteFrom the "Beyond Stones and Bones" article we learned that "that high rate of change is a sign of a gene whose evolution keeps conferring advantages on those who carry it." From their research, it proveed that the brain has progressed and gotten larger and more complex. This proves that humans hvae evolved. Darwin proposed four rules to evolution. 1. The more born, the more survive. 2. When environmental changes occur the species change to adapt to the environment. 3. Traits are inheritable and 4. Species either adapt or become extinct. According to forth rule Darwin set, all species would be extinct if they did not adapt which proves that they have.
Joe Stork-Per 5
DeleteEvolution is a theory that is backed up by plenty of evidence. There are many different rock layers that have been created over the time of the earth. Contained in these layers are very specific types of fossils. By studying fossils, or paleontology, we can see how organisms over time are related, but also how they have adapted and become more complex. Just by looking at the rocks in the dirt we are able to see how the history of our planet was. Another reason that supports evolution is vestigial structures. Anatomical evidence provides a view of the similarities between the anatomical structures of organisms over time. For example, in whales there is s specific bone that is not used any more but still remains in the whale due to evolution. The same thing is with humans and our appendix. The last way that evolution is supported is by simple looking at the DNA between different organisms. Humans and chimps have more than 98% of the same DNA. This shows humans and chimps are biologically similar.
In the article beyond stones and bones they went over the evolutionary change of the human skull. It all began with the first discovery of a Neanderthal skull. Over time the skull has increased in complexity, protection, and size to compensate for the increasing size of the human brain. It also compares human and chimps brains and in more ways than not were the same.
From Monday’s discussion, we have covered several real life pieces of evidence that support evolution.
ReplyDeleteThe first and arguably most simple evidence for evolution is correlated with Paleontology; the study of fossils. Throughout the worlds layers of strata on the earth’s crust, a geological timeline of fossils is held. The deeper the strata, the less the fossils exemplify organisms of current day. An example of this is in the Grand Canyon where early prokaryotes can be seen close to the bottom while birds appear further up and whales (linked to four legged animals) are yet further.
A second piece of evidence is called vestigial structures, or remnants of anatomic structures that hold no use in current way of life. We believe these parts to support the theory of evolution because some animals have adapted to changing lifestyles. Examples of this are whales and snakes that both have traces of hip bones. Clearly whales and snakes have adapted to ways of living where legs or hip bones are not used and “if you don’t use it you lose it” is a part of evolution.
One last piece of evidence to support evolution is found in DNA. Genes hold the physical map of evolution for each individual organism, including humans. In fact, chimps and humans are over 98% homologous – meaning that humans and chimps are biologically similar. This also can explain the theory of a common ancestor because DNA of two organisms that are anatomically similar will be more homologous than that of two organisms that are quite different. Additionally, viruses have the ability to adapt and evolve over time. HIV used to only have two main strains but over the course of two decades, grew to have over twenty different strains. This can be tested using genetics as well.
In the article Beyond Stones and Bones by Sharon Begley, the origins of humankind are discussed. From fossils to DNA, researchers can convincingly say that humans are descended from “a line of bipedal primates, which evidence suggests, emerged out of Africa 5 to 7 million years ago.”(Newsweek 3/39/07) Scientists have put together a family tree that maps out the interpretation of humans and their ancestors based on time. Skeletons of past “humans” or primates have been uncovered and put on display in various museums. This article does a good job at explaining how humans have evolved over time using real life data and research.
By: Jared Meschke p.6
1.Based on our previous discussion from Monday, there are many evidences that support evolution and the change over time. The first evolution is paleontology, or the study of fossils. By looking at fossils, we can determine and classify the species. Based on the layer of the earth the fossil was found in, we can also determine how old the animal is and what its environment could have been like. Another type of evidence that supports the theory of evolution is animal body parts/anatomy and vestigial structures. By comparing anatomical and physiological structures of different fossils we can determine how that specific species could have evolved. Vestigial structures are organs or other body parts that may have been functioning previously but don’t function anymore in the newly evolved type of species. The change in evolution over time can also be studied on a molecular level. Studying their DNA and RNA and comparing and contrasting have been biochemical evidence that is available for us. Another major evidence of evolution is genetics and how genes, DNA, RNA, enzymes and overall genomes for species have evolved over time.
ReplyDelete2.Based on the article “Beyond Stones and Bones” by Sharon Begley, we learned that the human skull has rapidly evolved over time. The skull became more durable and strong compared to previous skulls of our ancestors. The size of the skulls has increased and the brain has become more complex. Scientists have also found different frontal lobe shapes in the early humans than compared to us now. By evidence from evolution, Humans are proved to have evolved from primates some as monkeys and chimpanzees. Our skulls are similar to theirs.
Sruthi Yeturu P.5
1. A lot of evidence for evolution has been presented in the video we watched and our discussions in class. One example is the similarities between organisms. For example, cats. This means jungle cats, domestic cats, and all cats in between. All cats have very similar features so it makes sense that they evolved from a common ancestor. Vestigial structures in organisms also provide evidence for evolution. As environments change we adapt, organs and other structures that we no longer need stop working. Some structures are lost altogether. For example some humans are starting to be born without their little toe or wisdom teeth.
ReplyDelete2. The article "Beyond Stones and Bones" provided a lot of evidence about how the human skull has evolved rapidly over time. Considering how short of a time our species has been on the planet it is fascinating that we have evolved to the extent that we have. The human skull has increased in sizr and become more complex over time. Our skulls are also very similar to primates, primarily chimpanzees. This suggests that our species and chimpanzees share a common ancestor, it is unlikely that one of us evolved from the other because both species are still thriving today.
Mackenzie Bloom P.5
From mondays in class discussion, we looked at one of the most credible sources that evolution happened which is the discovery and study of fossils. By studying fossils, we can determine what changes one organism went through over time and we can also find out how old the animal is. in class we looked at how fossils showed us that whales evolved from wolves by looking at several different fossils from various time periods that had several similar physical features. Strata on the earth's crust acts like a timeline of evolution where early single celled organisms such as earths early prokaryotes are found at the lower levels and four legged and flying anima fossils are found at high elevations. Vestigial structures that are found when observing a fossil have also given evidence to back up that evolution did happen. Vestigial structures or vestigial organs ore functionless organs or limbs that are no longer needed in the changing environment. When the evolution of the wolf was studied it was found that once the four legged wolf moved into a life completely in water if was in need of a tail over its four legs. Over time, the legs of the wolf became vestigial appendages and slowly disappeared as the organism became a whale. we have seen these vestigial structures in fossil records. DNA evidence can also prove the changes of an organism over time. DNA holds a records of all physics characteristics of a being allowing us to compare DNA in different animals to see if they are biologically similar.
ReplyDeleteIn the "Beyond Stones and Bones" article by Sharon Begley, more evidence behind evolution can be found by studying the change of the human skull over time. physical features of the human skull have changed over time, the thickness has increased as well as the size and shape. Evidence found from skulls have pointed to the chimpanzee as sharing a common ancestor with humans because our skull is most similar to theirs.
Allison Atkin
p. 6
Scott Podlogar p-3
ReplyDeleteDuring Monday's discussion, we covered several reasons and pieces of evidence that supported the theory of evolution. One thing that points to evolution is the existence of fossils. The Earth's crust contains layers upon layers of strata which build up over time. This creates a kind of geological timeline and a way to date fossils found in different layers. As it turns out, the deeper we find fossils, the less the fossils share characteristics of organisms today. This points to the fact that over time, organisms had changed for what they were before and have diversified into what they are today. DNA can also help support this theory of evolution. When skeletons of animals are found DNA can actually be extracted from the bone marrow and analysed to see how closely the DNA of one organism matches another. Through this procedure, we found that chimps and humans are over 98% homologous which means that chimps and humans are biologically similar.
This kind of research is the basis for the article Beyond Stones and Bones by Sharon Begley in which the origins of humankind are discussed. With DNA, researchers are convinced that humans have come from a line of bipedal primates that most likely emerged from Africa millions of years ago. The human skull also points to evidence of change of time in the make up of human beings. The thickness, shape, and size have all been found to have increased. This evidence supports the idea that humans and chimpanzee's are related because human skulls are similar to chimpanzee's skulls. It may be hard for some people to accept the idea of evolution, but like all major discoveries that are met with resistance, this will help us with our understanding of the universe all together.
In class, we talked about why evolution is a valid theory. DNA is one of the main things that shows that evolution has some grounds for me. It is somehting that simply cannot be argued with. It is amazing just how similar all living things are when you look at their DNA. A human and a mouse share 97.5% DNA, that is only one percent less than a human and a chimp. DNA can also be used to show a common ancestor. The idea that somewhere along the line, human and chimps came from the same ancestor. THis is shown in just how similar the DNA is and in how simial the two species are in general. Another thing that helps prove evolution are fossils. They show the similarities between different organisms over time. This helps show how they changed. These fossils are what helped show vestigial structures. These are common in whales. They have hip bones yet they never go on land. THese suggest that the whale evolved from an organism that originally walked on land.
ReplyDeleteThe article was really interesting. It was interesting to see how they were talking about human skulls and how those are related to evolution. THey looked at the skulls over time and saw that there were major adaptations. They had become more durable, increased in size, and the shape had changed. They then tied this back to the chip and the common acnestor idea.
This comment has been removed by the author.
Delete1. After our discussion in class on Monday and watching the Cassiopeia video we learned about the basic facts of evolution. One of the most abundant topics that was discussed that supports the theory of evolution was paleontology, which is the study of fossils. Many different fossils have been found that help support evolution. For example, fossils that were found that show how reptiles gradually evolved into mammals. The Earth’s strata, which is layers of the Earth’s crust, illuminate how bacteria, found at the lower layers of the strata have evolved into birds and bigger mammals. This forms a sort of geological timeline for us to gage how species have evolved from close to nothing to life today. Other evidence that was found that supports evolution is the protein called cytochrome C. All organisms have some sort of version of this protein. It is also said that there are many other proteins that function very similarly to cytochrome C and are easy to make. This asks the question to why does all organisms have the same protein within this version of cytochrome C?
ReplyDelete2. In reading the article Beyond Stones and Bones the discussion was based around the evolution of humans. Different fossils that have been found point to how humans are today. In 1974, the fossil named Lucy was discovered. It has “ape like features” such as a “jutting face and a large jaw”. Also foot prints that were preserved in the volcanic ash in Tanzania that are thought to be a woman and a mate or parent and a child. DNA also plays a crucial role in the evolution of humans. Human DNA and chimp DNA differ by no more than 1.2% and DNA changes at a fairly regular rate. Different climate changes are what lead chimps to evolve into humans. Around 5 to 6 million years ago is when the lineage split between chimps and humans. This because the climate got a lot drier and colder. The chimps that stayed in the forests didn’t undergo many changes while the chimps that left the forests and lived in new habitats were they first ones to break that lineage. Ashton Davis period 6
Wes Moon -- Period 6
ReplyDeleteHumans have access to multiple pieces of evidence that support evolution, the theory of change over time. The first evolution is paleontology, which is the study of fossils. When looking at these prehistoric remains, scientists have the ability to determine and classify the species that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. They can even determine how old the animal is and what its environment could have been like during it's time on this planet, based on the layer of the earth the fossil was found in. Another piece of evidence that supports the theory of evolution are animal body parts, or an animal's anatomy, and their vestigial structures. Vestigial structures are organs or other body parts that may have been functioning previously but don’t function anymore in newly evolved animals of an old species. By comparing anatomical and physiological structures of different fossils we can determine how that specific species could have evolved. Comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA have given scientists new biochemical evidence. A third and final major piece of evidence for evolution is genetics and how genes (made up of DNA and RNA), enzymes, and basically all genomes for species have evolved over time.
Scientists and researchers have found a variety of prehistoric evidence supporting the theory of evolution, and the article, “Beyond Stones & Bones,” highlights just a few of them. Skulls from millions of years ago testify to the increase in brain size from one ancestor to the next. Architecture of spine and hips shows when our ancestor first stood erect. The Neanderthal skull, unearthed in a mine in Germany's Neander Valley in 1856, was the first discovery of a fossil suggesting that a different sort of human once lived on this planet. The discovery that chimp DNA differs from human DNA by no more than 1.2 percent attests to how similar we are to proposed ancestors, and yet shows quite mental development. A gene called HAR1 (human accelerated region) was discovered. Of it's 118 chemical letters, only 2 have changed in the past 310 million years, but only 18 have changed since hominids first began to evolve. A gene called PDYN began accumulating changes about 7 million years ago, soon after our oldest direct ancestor appeared. This gene basically regulates the brain's soup stock, and can directly affect an individuals behavior or memory. These are just a few examples of what researchers have found within the past 200 years.
Danny Wright, P3
ReplyDeleteFossils provide very visual and intuitive support for the theory of evolution. One can look at fossils for related organisms over time and the gradual changes over time become very apparent. We did this exact thing in class with the evolution of whales and its paleontology. With each successive fossil there were slight changes, which accumulated and resulted in the modern-day whale. This exercise also introduced the concept of vestigial structures. Because whales evolved from land mammals, they gradually lost arms and legs. However, small bones for these structures remain even after millions of years of evolution. An analog in humans is the tailbone; though we no longer have tails, we have this reminder of our evolutionary past. Less visually striking but equally as important, is the evidence that DNA provides. Scientists can track genetic change over time and thus monitor how evolution played out. Genetic change actually is quite constant (as we learned in the article and video), so DNA is actually a useful “landmark” in the timeline. The article also brought up the issue of a single line of evolution. In fact, that lien of thinking is not accurate. Evolution doesn’t progress linearly. That is to say one species does not turn into another and then another and so on down the line. Instead, a single species can beget many evolutionary “grandchildren,” some of whom may survive and others that may not. Think of Homo sapiens and the Neanderthal. They have a common ancestor, but the humans survived and remain today whereas the Neanderthals have gone extinct. Another misconception that the article cleared up is that genetic changes don’t happen just once necessarily. A mutation might fail (be selected against) one time, and then be favorable when it pops up again perhaps millions of years in the future. The article gave evidence for the evolution of humans through the skull fossil record. Over time, the human skull has grown larger to accommodate a larger brain, and has also become more durable, thick, and strong.
Cole Watson p.6
ReplyDelete1. One main piece of evidence for evolution comes from the fossil record. The fossil record is a record of all the discovered fossils. It gives us a good idea of what the structures of organisms were and how they were related to other organisms. The fossils in the fossil record are all dated. By comparing the fossils of organisms, scientists are able to identify similarities. Some of the similarities that have been discovered between organisms are their comparative anatomy and vestigial structures. Vestigial structures are body parts that are present on animals today, but don’t serve any purpose, allowing us to come to the conclusion that at one point they were for a purpose but the organism evolved and as it evolved that part was no longer needed, but it was still coded for in the DNA. Other pieces of evidence for evolution come from the study of organism’s genes, taxonomy, DNA, RNA, and protein comparative analysis, and artificial selection.
2. In the article “Beyond Stones and Bones”, one piece of evidence of evolution came from lice. The article talks about how a scientist used lice and their evolution to discover when our ape ancestors lost their hair. Body lice live in clothing while head lice live in the hair on the head. Head lice are a species that go back millions of years while body lice are a more recent arrival. Mark Stoneking calculated that body lice evolved from head lice no more than 114,000 years ago. Because new creatures generally appear when a new habitat does, 114,000 years ago must be when human ancestors lost their body hair for good and started wearing clothing. Another piece of evidence in this article of evolution is the slight difference in the DNA of a chimpanzee and a human. Their DNA differs by no more than 1.2%, which is only 35 million different chemical “letters”. This difference implies that the two lineages split 5 to 6 million years ago. That fits with the discovery that earth became cruelly colder and drier 6.5 million years ago which is just the sort of climate needed for new species to emerge.
This week we covered several reasons that supported the theory of evolution. One example that points to evolution is the existence of fossils. The Earth's crust contains layers upon layers of strata which build up over time. This creates a kind of geological timeline and a way to date fossils found in different layers. The deeper we find fossils, the less the fossils share characteristics of organisms today. This points to the fact that over time, organisms had changed for what they were before and have diversified into what they are today. DNA can also help support this theory of evolution. When skeletons of animals are found DNA can actually be extracted from the bone marrow and analysed to see how closely the DNA of one organism matches another. Through this procedure, we found that chimps and humans are over 98% homologous which means that chimps and humans are biologically similar.
ReplyDeleteIn the article “Beyond Stones and Bones” by Sharon Begley, we learned that the human skull has rapidly evolved over time. The skull became more durable and strong compared to previous skulls of our ancestors. The size of the skulls has increased and the brain has become more complex. Scientists have also found different frontal lobe shapes in the early humans than compared to us now. By evidence from evolution, Humans are proved to have evolved from primates some as monkeys and chimpanzees. Our skulls are similar to theirs.
Lizzie Johnson
Period:3
Sam Nguyen P.6
ReplyDelete1.) In class on Monday, we discussed the many ways evolution is a valid theory and all of the basic facts about it. One huge piece of evidence that we have for evolution is the fact that we have fossils. Fossils are what help us to determine what kinds of organisms there were, how they were structured, and most importantly how they survived. With fossil records, we can date organisms to see how old they are to create sort of a historical timeline. We can look at the changes over time and see how old things are. For example, we can look at the the Earth's crust. It contains several layers of strata which builds up over time. With the strata, it is sort of a way to date fossils found in different layers. the deeper we find fossils, the less the fossils share characteristics of organisms today, therefore the organisms have changed over time, meaning that the theory of evolution would be correct. Another good reasoning for the theory of evolution is DNA. If skeletons or bodies of animals/organisms are found, it is to our advantage that we can extract DNA from the bone marrow to see how closely the DNA of one organism matches another. Through comparing organisms, we found that chimps and humans are over 98% the same, (or homologous), meaning that humans are closely related to chimps.
2.) From the article, "Beyond Stones and Bones," there were pieces of evidence that really support the theory of evolution. One being the fact that new kinds of creatures tend to appear when a new habitat does, therefore when things go to new places they will need to evolve and change to adapt to certain conditions. The finding of a Neanderthal Skull, which testified to our ancestors' origins in Africa, the emergence of walking upright, the development of toolmaking, etc. Analysis of our present DNA for humans and other species, have helped us see when and how language appeared. It's also interesting that scientists are using the impression of brains left on the inside of skills to support evolution as well. Features of the human skull have changed over time, such as the thickness, has increased as well as the size and shape. Evidence found from skulls have pointed to the chimpanzee as sharing a common ancestor with humans because our skull is most similar to theirs. Also, Human DNA and Chimpanzee DNA only differ by no more than 1.2%, which implies that the two lineages split 5 to 6 million years ago.
Courtney Richard p.6
ReplyDeleteThere are many examples that support the theory of evolution, the fossil record is good evidence of evolution, the study of these fossils, known as paleontology, shows a gradual change in animals over time. All of the fossils in the record are dated and by studying the slight changes and knowing the time period of each of them shows how evolution occurs. There are similar characteristics that are studied for slight differences as well,if an animal has a useless body part now it can be assumed that they have evolved and no longer need this body part.Comparing modern and ancient anatomical structures is valid proof of evolution. DNA is also good evidence of evolution, when humans and chimps are compared one can see the similarities and how we could be related and have a common ancestor.
After reading "Beyond Stones and Bones" I learned that humans have had rapid changes occur to their skull over time. Studies showed that, when compared to our ancestors, the skull has become larger and more durable. Inside of the new stronger skull, the brain has increased in complexity, new frontal lobe shapes have been discovered that were not present in the skulls of our ancestors. These skulls are very similar to primates, these evolutionary changes that have occurred prove that we have evolved from these primates. Not only is this exemplified in our common skull shape, but also in how similar our DNA is to the modern primates.
Katie Ciaglo p. 6
ReplyDeleteThere are many evidences that support evolution, or change over time. One of the main evidences that supports this theory is paleontology, or the study of fossils. Paleontology shows us that organisms have changed gradually over time, as reflected in the fossil record. By studying fossils, we can see how organisms over time are related, but also have adapted and become more complex. Also, by studying biogeography, the study of how organisms vary across space and time, we can find evidence for evolution. This shows how similar species can be traced to one place of origin, and when barriers split a population, they gradually become more different. Vestigal organs give us more evidence for evolution because they show us how species evolved from other species because they have similar body parts, yet as they developed and evolved they became less useful to the new species. Genetics is also a very important piece of evidence. By studying similarities in genetic code, it becomes apparent that we evolved from other organisms.
Based on the article “Beyond Stones and Bones” by Sharon Begley, we learned that the human skull has rapidly evolved over time. Over time, the skull has became more durable and strong compared to previous skulls of our ancestors. Also, the size of our skulls have increased and the brain has become more complex. By comparing the structure of our skulls to those of primates, it is apparent that we evolved from them because our skulls are similar to theirs, just more developed.
Evolution is a commonly debated, heavily opinionated topic but the evidence found on this earth point towards the side of change over time. The first source of proof are fossils, or the practice of paleontology. Fossils are barried in various strata levels in the earth's crust. Over time sediment depoits build up to form these varying levels, so the deeper the strata, the older it is. It has been found that in deep strata the fossils look nothing like organisms from today, proving that over time structures have diversified as time went on. Fossils from each strata can be extracted and demonstrate the gradual change over time. The second source of proof are vestigal structures. These are evidences of structures that organisms once had that are no longer necessary in their life. An example of this is the hip bones that have been found in both whales and snakes. It is obvious that today whales and snakes don't need hip bones, but the presence shows that at one point they were necessary in their life. This change shows how whales and snakes have diversified and adapted to changing lifestyles. The third source of proof is DNA testing. Humans and chimps anatomically look quite different, however we are in fact 98% homologous. Since the DNA is so similar, it can be concluded that we share a common ancestor, but due to difference in environments developed slight changes to make us look different. DNA testing is important in proving that two organisms at one point shared a common ancestor.
ReplyDeleteThe article "Beyond Stones and Bones" presented evidence of the rapidly changing human skull over time. The skulls of our ancestors were smaller and less durable than the skulls humans have today. Also the brain cavity has become more intricate4 proving that brain complexity has increased greatly. Looking at human skulls also further proves the idea that humans and primates are derived from a common ancestor. The skull of a human and a primate share the same qualities, the only difference being the level of development.
Kathryn Akins
ReplyDeleteDuring Monday's discussion, we covered several reasons and pieces of evidence that supported the theory of evolution. One thing that points to evolution is the existence of fossils. The Earth's crust contains layers upon layers of strata which build up over time. This creates a kind of geological timeline and a way to date fossils found in different layers. As it turns out, the deeper we find fossils, the less the fossils share characteristics of organisms today. This points to the fact that over time, organisms had changed for what they were before and have diversified into what they are today. DNA can also help support this theory of evolution. When skeletons of animals are found DNA can actually be extracted from the bone marrow and analysed to see how closely the DNA of one organism matches another. Through this procedure, we found that chimps and humans are over 98% homologous which means that chimps and humans are biologically similar.
This kind of research is the basis for the article Beyond Stones and Bones by Sharon Begley in which the origins of humankind are discussed. With DNA, researchers are convinced that humans have come from a line of bipedal primates that most likely emerged from Africa millions of years ago. The human skull also points to evidence of change of time in the make up of human beings. The thickness, shape, and size have all been found to have increased. This evidence supports the idea that humans and chimpanzee's are related because human skulls are similar to chimpanzee's skulls. It may be hard for some people to accept the idea of evolution, but like all major discoveries that are met with resistance, this will help us with our understanding of the universe all together.
Kiki Castle
ReplyDeleteThere is a lot of evidence that support evolution which is the change over time. Paleontology, which is the study of fossils is the first evolution. When looking at these prehistoric remains, scientists have the ability to determine and classify the species that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. They can even determine how old the animal is and what its environment is, based on the layer of the earth the fossil was found in. Another piece of evidence that supports the theory of evolution is animal body parts, it can tell what they eat such as meat and/or vegetables. By comparing anatomical and physiological structures of different fossils we can determine how that specific species could have evolved. Comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA have given scientists new biochemical evidence. A third and final major piece of evidence for evolution is genetics and how genes, enzymes, and basically all genomes for species have evolved over time.
DNA shows that evolution does occur. It is amazing just how similar all living things are when you look at their DNA. A human and a mouse share 97.5% DNA, that is only one percent less than a human and a chimp. DNA can also be used to show a common ancestor.
Sarah Barton
ReplyDeleteEvolution has lots of evidence to support its existance. The very first evidence of evolution is finding fossils. This is known as paleontology. Different parts of the Earth can also be used to date remains and help to show evolution. New findings about DNA and RNA help scientists to support evolution and show how species have survived over the millions of years. "Beyond Stones and Bones" was an article that talked about a skull changing over time. The article also was related to evolution and that primates originated from Africa millions of years before. The level of development of the skull is the only big difference and this helps to support evolution and that it is occuring and human did come from a common ancestor.
One evidence of evolution is how many organisms share similar features. For example, there are many different types of birds, but they all share similar features. This implies that these organisms came from the same ancestor, but changed over time in order to survive in the environment that was constantly eliminating those who are not fit enough to survive. Fossils are another piece of evidence that supports evolution. Over time, researchers have collected fossils of the same organism and the slight changes in them are apparent. In class, we simulated this with whales; the first fossil seemed like a carnivorous land mammal, but modern-day fossils resemble the whales that we know of today.
ReplyDeleteThe article also gives support on evolution, especially the evolution of humans. One example would be the human skull. If the current human skull were to be compared to the skull of an early primate, it is evident that the human skull is much larger and sturdy. Due to this, it is apparent that we share a common ancestor; we are only more advanced and developed.
There are many aspects of evolution that prove its existence. After reading the article, I learned that the human skull shows evidence of evolution. The article showed how if the human skull of an original primate found from Africa millions of years ago was compared to a current human skull, the differences are outstanding. The shape and sturdiness of the skull has changed quite dramatically and this shows that we have a common ancestor, yet we as the human race has changed and modified.
ReplyDeleteFossils are another way to prove evolutions existence. This is called paleontology. Fossils show that there is evidence of the same organism with slight differences. These differences are the result of natural selection, because the organisms that were not fit to live in that environment were killed off, and those organisms with factors that helped them to survive were capable of living in that environment.
Jessie Taylor
ReplyDeleteThere are various evidences that support evolution. One way is paleontology, which has to do with the study of fossils. We are able to see the growth and change of certain species over time, depending on marks in the fossil. We can compare but also contrast different species, but also the same species but ones that have evolved over time.
In the article, you learn about how bones and the human skull evolve over time. The current human skull has become much stronger and provides more structure. Also, the all over sizes have increased, along with brain size. It also talks about how we originated from primates because of the similarities in our skull sizes and shapes.
It is clear that evolution exists all around us. From the article we learned all about how in humans this can be seen by our skulls. Humans have inhibited this earth for thousands of years and it makes sense that within our time frame here we have adapted to the enviroment. The article describes the differences we see from human skulls a long time ago, to now. Now our skulls are much stronger and have become larger due to our brain size increasing. These differences show proof of evolution.
ReplyDeleteAnother way to see evolution is through looking at fossils. When the earth first was born the crust formed and each layer that hardened over time created fossils from that time period. We are able to compare similar species or the same species to one another and see growth and differences which would help that organism survie longer. This shows us evolution
There is a lot of evidence to support evolution including paleontology (fossils), genetics, and comparative anatomy. Paleontology is the main source of information that helps us understand evolution. It allows us to use the fossils collected to examine creatures and specimens from millions of years ago. Genetics is also a huge part of evolution in that it shows gene mutations and adaptations over a period of time.
ReplyDeleteIn the "Beyond Stones and Bones" article Mark Stoneking talks about evidence in evolution such as fossils and DNA which allows researchers to convincingly say that humans are descended from a line of bipedal primates which can also directly relate to some of the evidence that Darwin states in his research. Stoneking also talks about the human skull and how it has changed over the years which can tell us a lot about the adaptations and mutations it has undergone in previous generations.
Evolution no doubt plays an integral role in shaping the traits, characteristics and ability to survive in all organisms on Earth, including humans. The first piece of evidence we have that proves the existence of evolution can be found in paleantology, which is the study of fossils. By collecting and piecing together fossils of prehistoric mammals, we can begin to see how organisms from millions of years ago resemble modern day mammals, and how over time they developed traits and new characteristics due to natural selection. Where the fossils are found in the layers of soil and rock can provide a timeline for us and indicate when that specific organism was alive (the farther down the older it is). The whale evolution activity we did in class also helped supplement my knowledge and understanding of evolution. By studying fossils and ancient ancestors of current mammals and whales, we were able to see how whales were once land mammals who slowly evolved the necessary traits to survive in the ocean. Most notably, whales still have small hip bones which serve no purpose to them, but provide evidence that they once needed these hip bones because they had legs and walked on land. Apart from paleantology, DNA evidence can also help us trace organisms' descendants and match and trace similar genes throughout species. Through this process we can further expansd our knowledge about evolution and make more discoveries.
ReplyDeleteIn Monday’s class discussion, we looked at one of the most credible sources that evolution happened which is the discovery and study of fossils. By studying fossils, we can determine what changes one organism went through over time. We can also find out how old the animal is. In class we looked at how fossils showed us that whales evolved from wolves by looking at several different fossils from various time periods that had several similar physical features. Strata on the earth's crust acts like a timeline of evolution where early single celled organisms such as the early prokaryotes that are found at the lower levels and four legged and flying anima fossils are found at high elevations. Vestigial structures that are found when observing a fossil have also given evidence to back up that evolution did happen. Vestigial structures or vestigial organs are functionless organs or limbs that are no longer needed in the changing environment. When the evolution of the wolf was studied it was found that once the four legged wolf moved into a life completely in water if was in need of a tail over its four legs. Over time, the legs of the wolf became vestigial appendages and slowly disappeared as the organism became a whale. We have seen these vestigial structures in fossil records. DNA evidence can also prove the changes of an organism over time. DNA hold records of all physics characteristics of a being allowing us to compare DNA in different animals to see if they are biologically similar.
ReplyDeleteIn the "Beyond Stones and Bones" article by Sharon Begley, more evidence behind evolution can be found by studying the change of the human skull over time. Physical features of the human skull have changed over time; the thickness has increased as well as the size and shape. Evidence found from skulls has pointed to the chimpanzee as sharing a common ancestor with humans because our skull is most similar to theirs.
Roni Burgener p5
ReplyDelete1. There are several pieces of evidence that support the evolutionary change of organisms over time. The biggest piece of evidence would probably be paleontology, or the study of fossils. Scientist have found over time that the older the fossil the less similar it was to current life-forms. This proves that organisms have been changing over time. Another piece of evidence is homology, which is the smilarities between 2 different species of organisms. We conclude that this similarity is a result of common ancestry which supports the theory of evolution. The last piece of evidence supporting evolution is Biogeography which is the study of the geographic distribution of species. This studies how species located around different places of the world are similar to each other and different. It also looks into the role that continental drift plays in evolution.
2. In the article, "Beyond Stones and Bones", the researches use the changing of the human skull to support the theory of evolution. They have found that the human skull has changed over time as humans adapted. They also found that our skulls are very similar to those of chimpanzees, which leads us to believe that we share a common ancestor. This common ancestor also supports the theory of evolution.
From our knowledge today, there is significant evidence that support the theory of evolution is the cause of changing organisms over time. The most impactful piece of evidence would be paleontology, the study of fossils. By discovering and piecing together fossils of prehistoric organisms, we can begin to observe how animals from centries ago resemble that of modern day animals, and how over time they developed traits and new characteristics due to natural selection. Depending on the location of the fossil in sedimentary rock, paleotologists can distinguish when a certain organism lived, meaning the further down they extract the fossil the older it is. The whale evolution activity we performed in class provided reality to my knowledge and understanding of evolution. By studying fossils and ancient ancestors of current mammals and whales, we were allowed to observe how whales were once land mammals that gradually acquired the necessary traits to survive in the ocean. The most noteworthy discovery was that whales still have small hip bones which serve no purpose to them, but provide evidence that they once utilized these hip bones because they had legs and walked on land.DNA evidence can also help us trace organisms' descendants and trace similar genes throughout species. With this we can accumulate new knowledge about evolution and make more discoveries.
ReplyDeleteFrom the article, "Beyond Stones and Bones," there was evidence that accurately supports the theory of evolution. One of which was the fact that creatures have the tendency to arise when a new habitat does. Scientists discovered a Neanderthal Skull, that contested to our predecessors' origins in Africa and the ability to walk on two feet. Thickness of the human skull has changed over time, as well as the size and shape. Evidence found from skulls have pointed to the chimpanzee as sharing a common ancestor with humans because our skull is most similar to theirs.
ReplyDeleteDavid Sahud per 6
ReplyDeleteThere is much evidences of evolution such as many organisms share similar features. You cant trace back and see that similar features between different animals such as in birds. This shows that these organisms had a similar ancestor. Another evidence would be the study of fossils, or paleontology. Whales fossils can be used as an example of how the animal changed from a land mammal over time into the whale it is now. The article supported evolution through the evolution of humans. As humans developed over time the skull changed to from larger and sturdier to having a larger volume allowing for more brain capacity and looking less like a skull of an ape to more of the skull of a human in the present. Through the skull it is clear the we share common ancestry with other animals.
1. The video watched basically outlined and explained evolution and the evidence that supports it. By giving a fundamental and basic understanding of why evolution is popularly accepted, one could see exactly how the theory has gained support. Reasons given largely revolved around the similarities between different species over time appearing to link together. Fossils discovered of species in different rock layers seem to suggest change over time, as the fossils appeared to show one single species over many generations changing rather than multiple species only existing for certain periods in history. Looking at the present day existance of vestigile organs, one can see what appear to be leftover components within animals
ReplyDelete2. The article "Beyond Stones and Bones" also attempted to prove human origins by looking at changes in fossils over time. Looking at the rapid apperant progression of skulls over time not only suggest that humans have primal ancestry but also work to show when significant changes occured down the species lineage occured leading up to the present day, such as the loss of body hair among others. Through this one can see exactly how humans both came from and distanced themselves apart from a common primal ancestor.
There are countless facts and evidences that support evolution by natural selection. Paleontology used to contain the best evidences, but nowadays evolution is basically cemented as a theory due to knowledge of genetics. Genetics is what really gives evolution credibility. We can literally trace our lineage back to a single common ancestor through this technology. Our knowledge of DNA and its extreme malleability fully support evolution. By checking for viruses in the DNA we can see at what point species diverged from a common ancestor. All (eukaryotic) organisms share the same kind of DNA and share sequences that are identical- all proof of a CA.
ReplyDeleteEvolution in early humans is also evident, but inbreeding between neanderthals and homo sapiens might have had some influence. Early humans had thick skulls and were very bulky, but we can see through fossil evidence that this changed. The bone density changed, brain sizes and skull sizes changed, etc. We are still evolving- the average height of humans is increasing.
Also here is a cute picture of mickey mouse!
http://pubrecord.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/DUbaby.jpg
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ReplyDeleteMichael Capitelli
ReplyDelete1. The video outlined evolution and evidence to support it. The first piece of evidence is paleontology. This is the study of fossils. Based upon carbon dating and what level of sediment that the fossils were found, it is possible to tell when species exhisted. Comparing different fossils from different time periods shows that they change over time. This supports evolution. Homology is another form of evidence for evolution. Homology is the similarities seen in different species. This suggests that some species evolved from the same animals. Biogeography is the study of where different organisms can be found on the earth. Studying this can help determine if species traveled and help approximate waht the earth looked like in the past.
2. This article describes the change in humans skulls over time. The fact that the skulls have changed is evidence that some evolution has occured. There is also evidence that humans are homologious with chimpanzees. This helps support the theory of evolution by suggesting that humans are related to chimps.
Lee Huynh
ReplyDeletePlenty of evidence for evolution has been presented in the video on Monday. One example is the similarities between organisms. For example, jungle cats, domestic cats, and all cats in between share multiple characteristics. Due to the multiple shared characteristics, it is reasonable to assume that all cats come from a common ancestor. Another proof of evolution is the vestigial organs that are present in organisms. As environments change, organisms will adapt and certain features will stop working. Some features are lost altogether. This is evident in the fact that there are humans today that are not born with wisdom teeth or even a small toe.
The article "Beyond Stones and Bones" sites various pieces of evidence about how the human skull has evolved rapidly over time. Considering the small amount of time humans have existed as a species, it is fascinating that humans have evolved so extensively. The human skull has increased in size and become more complex over time. Human skulls are also very similar to primates, primarily chimpanzees. This suggests that humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor.
1. Multiple pieces of evidence have been found to support the theory of evolution,the theory of change over time. The first evolution is paleontology, which is the study of fossils. When looking at these prehistoric remains, scientists have the ability to determine and classify the species that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. They can even determine how old the animal is and what its environment could have been like during it's time on this planet, based on the layer of the earth the fossil was found in. Another piece of evidence that supports the theory of evolution are animal body parts, or an animal's anatomy, and their vestigial structures. Vestigial structures are organs or other body parts that may have been functioning previously but don’t function anymore in newly evolved animals of an old species. By comparing anatomical and physiological structures of different fossils we can determine how that specific species could have evolved. Comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA have given scientists new biochemical evidence. A third and final major piece of evidence for evolution is genetics and how genes (made up of DNA and RNA), enzymes, and basically all genomes for species have evolved over time.
ReplyDelete2. The article "Beyond Stones & Bones highlights the variety of prehistoric evidence found by scientists supporting the theory of evolution. Skulls from millions of years ago testify to the increase in brain size from one ancestor to the next. Architecture of spine and hips shows when our ancestor first stood erect. The Neanderthal skull, unearthed in a mine in Germany's Neander Valley in 1856, was the first discovery of a fossil suggesting that a different sort of human once lived on this planet. The discovery that chimp DNA differs from human DNA by no more than 1.2 percent attests to how similar we are to proposed ancestors, and yet shows quite mental development. A gene called HAR1 (human accelerated region) was discovered. Of it's 118 chemical letters, only 2 have changed in the past 310 million years, but only 18 have changed since hominids first began to evolve. A gene called PDYN began accumulating changes about 7 million years ago, soon after our oldest direct ancestor appeared. This gene basically regulates the brain's soup stock, and can directly affect an individuals behavior or memory. These are just a few examples of what researchers have found within the past 200 years.
1) There is a lot of evidence that supports evolutions change over time. The most prominent example is fossils and how they have changes over time. We saw this in our discussion on Monday when we talked about how animals have evolved from a dog like structure with four legs to a whale like structure. this shows how much more complex the living organisms have gotten over time. From the video we saw that earth was completely inhabitable 3.8 billion years ago, then the four ingredients of life (H,C,O,N) allowed life to start on earth. We learned that the first signs of life came from places where it was dark and sub surfaced. There is so many more pieces of evidence saying that evolution has occurred including genetic evidence, evidence from complex proteins, and new plant species.
ReplyDelete2)From the article Beyond Stones and Bones there was a lot of evidence supporting the theory of evolution. the largest part was when the scientists compared the skulls in humans now compared to the first humans that roamed the earth. The skulls now are so much larger allowing room for a larger more complex brain, they also became more durable allowing more of a shock to be put to the head with a less amount of injury. The article compared the skulls of humans now to our close primates the apes. This was the beginning of the proposal that humans were closely related to the monkeys. Scientists discovered a Neanderthal Skull, they traced back to the origin in Africa. This skull showed how humans got the ability to walk on two feet. Tatiana Warman Pd. 3
From the discussion in class, we discovered that there are many “evidences” that support evolution, or change over time.
ReplyDeleteThe most prevalent piece of evidence is that evolution correlates with fossils, also know as Paleontology (the study of fossils). Fossils show us different species evolution and a determination of how old a certain organism is and what place they lived according to different types of sediment its in. Another type of evidence is vestigial structures, remnants of anatomic structures that are now useless or don’t show on a species. This implies reasoning in evolutionary adaptations, if they are not using it, they didn’t need it in their environment, so with time they lost it. The last piece is in DNA. DNA can be extracted from bone marrow from the skeletons of animals. Through DNA, we have found that chimps and humans are 98% homologous, or very biologically similar.
In “Beyond Stones and Bones” article by Sharon Begley, evidence of evolution can be found in the human skull. Physical changes over time including thickness, shape, and size has increased, supporting the idea that the 98% homologous similarity means we are somehow related although we did not evolve from one or the other since neither of our species has died out.
Julia Jonaitis p.3
1. There are many pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution. One significant piece was discovered through Paleontology, or the study of fossils. Fossils found within strata layers appeared to be showing new species while other species disappeared as strata layers progressed towards modern day.For example, bird seem to descend from dinosaurs. At closer look at the comparative anatomy, scientists have also found homologous structures which show similarities between species, however the function is thought to be different depending on the needs of the species. Genetics also played a key role in the theory of evolution. Scientists have looked at genes of various species and compared them at a chromosomal level as well compared their DNA. Doing so, they were able to identify which species were genetically related or close in relation based on the sequencing.Vestigial structures have also provided evidence. These structures found in whales snakes (pelvic/leg bones) must have previously served an important function in that of their ancestors. There is no other explanation as to why they would have structures if they weren't in use in some point in time.
ReplyDelete2. The article Beyond Stones and Bones By: Sharon Begley showed that evidence that supports evolution could be found in human skulls. It all began with the first discovery of a Neanderthal skull. As time progressed , more skulls of our prehistoric ancestors emerged and were discovered. Scientists realized that as we began to evolve into homo sapiens our skulls increased in size to hold a larger more complex brain. DNA evidence was also looked at and compared to primates whose sequencing varied only by 1.2 percent, a significantly small number. The skulls and DNA both provided evidence for human evolution.
Sindhu Chadalawada
1. paleontology is one of the biggest pieces of evidence supporting the idea of evolution, or change over time. paleontology is the research and comparison of different strata, or layers of earth. this shows the emergence of new lifeforms as we;ll as changes within a life form to better adapt to its environment.also comparing genes of different species on a chromosomal level as well as their DNA can be used to compare them to one another. humans are 98% genetically similar to chimps suggesting they both came from the same thing and just evolved differently throughout time.
ReplyDelete2.the article beyond stones and bones takes an anthropological look at how humans evolved into what they are today. skulls of our ancestors were examined and researched, and it was discovered that as we evolved into homo sapiens our skulls got larger in order to hold a larger and more complex brain.the research of the skulls along with DNA research support the idea of evolution.
Evolution is a theory that is backed up by plenty of evidence. Strata are layers of rock and soil built up over time. Contained in these layers, are fossils from different stages of life. The fossils near the bottom, and therefore the oldest, show the most differentiation from the life forms today. Looking at the strata like a time line, scientists can see new species appear and others disappear. This demonstrates gradualism- the fact that profound change can take place through a cumulative effect of slow but continuous processes. More evidence for evolution lies in vestigial structures. Vestigiality describes homologous characters of organisms that have seemingly lost all or most of their original function in a species. The classic example of this is the human vermiform appendix. Humans can live perfectly fine lives when it is absent or maybe even better because there is no risk of it bursting. Comparative embryology gives more proof. In every vertebrate embryo, a tail and pharyngeal pouches are seen. This means all vertebrates have a common ancestor and thus gives proof for evolution.
ReplyDelete“Beyond Stones and Bones” discussed the human skull and brain. The fossils of early humans show that the skull was significantly smaller than it is today. Scientists also found that the frontal lobes had different shapes. As the brain grew bigger and more complex, the skull had to change with it. It developed a larger cranium and increased the thickness of the bone to prevent damage to the more important brain. Our skulls are also very close to primates, especially chimpanzees. This suggests that we have a relatively recent common ancestor and gives proof to evolution.
Greg Przedpelski
Evidence for evolution comes in many forms. First, the fossils in the ground allow us to see, by their shape and placement in the earth, how species evolved to their present day state. Also, DNA allows us to see the changes it made throughout time. Evidence for evolution can also be found inside the organs and cells of organisms. For example, the apendix is no longer needed, but was in the past. Also, evidences like species who relied only on RNA show that RNA was developed before DNA. In the article, "Beyond the Bones" it explains how the size of the human skull used to be smaller. Through evolution and natural selection, the size of the brain grew, therefore increasing the size of the skull.
ReplyDeleteEvidence of evolution includes but is not limited to strata layers pf rpcl amd soild that build up over time. Fossils from different eras are in these layers. The fossils rae ordered from oldest to newest, the oldest being at the bottom. New species are seen appearing as well as disappearing over time. Scientists have also looked at genes of various species and compared them at a chromosomal level as well compared their DNA. Doing so, they were able to identify which species were genetically related based on the sequencing.Vestigial structures have also provided evidence. These structures found in whales snakes must have previously served an important function in that of their ancestors.
ReplyDeleteThe human skull used to be smaller than it is today, as seen in Beyond Stones and bones. The brain grew larger and more complex so human skull shad to accomodate this change.
There are many elements that build support for evolution. One of these elements is the fossil record. Based on paleontological studies of fossils in various strata levels, the fossil record itself comes to stand in support of evolution. Another element is the anatomical record. Based on the study of various anatomical structures of animals the similarities between animals support evolution. The next element is vestigial structures that prove the evolution of species around today based on the varying environment. There are also many other elements that fundamentally come to support evolution that include embryology, taxonomy, bio geography, genetics, artificial selection and biochemical comparisons. In the article Beyond Bones and Stones, the evolution of the human skull is explicitly discussed. Over time the skull has increased in complexity, protection, and size to compensate for the increasing size of the human brain. This itself is a great example of evolution. As humans have increased in intelligence or evolved to combat the environment, this skull is a perfect example of how evolution works by the comparison of anatomical structures form the past to those of today.
DeleteBridget Anthony
DeleteEvolution, change over time, has been supported by many different evidences over the years. The most conclusive support is the study of fossils, or paleontology. Paleontologist are able to look at the fossils from hundreds of years ago and compare them with the bones of humans and animals today, showing the differences in the bone structure. The fossils show that animals from the past and now can be completely different with a different function, but have evolved into their current being and can be traced back to how they once were through the similarities and the steps of evolution. Biogeography is another way to study evolution. It is a way to track how species travel across space as well as time and see how different habitats affected certain species. Scientists will also study the similarities in the genetic code to be sure that it is the same species that has evolved and exactly the route it took to be where it is today.
“Beyond Stones and Bones” helped us realize that the human skull has not always stayed the same. It has actually rapidly evolved over time. The brain has become much more complex, making it so that the size of the skull has become larger as well as more durable and harder to shatter. When comparing the current skull to primates, there is enough evidence to make it obvious that it is the same species, just an evolved skull.
There is a lot of evidence that supports the theory of evolution. One piece of evidence are fossils The way fossils appear in the layers of rock always corresponds to relative development. More primitive creatures will appear in lower (older) layers. Using this we can look at the development of species over time. Another key piece of evidence is genetic. For the example humans have a huge number of genes (as much as 96%) in common with apes and as much as 50% with wheat plants. The pattern of genetic evidence follows the patterns of ancestral relationships. Molecular evidence supports evolution. These are commonalities in DNA. Random mutations enter into DNA at a known rate over the centuries. This is called the 'molecular clock' and gives excellent evidence of when humans diverged from other apes (about 6 million years ago, according to this molecular clock), and this corresponds with when these fossils first appear in the fossil record. Anatomical evidence provides a view of the similarities between the anatomical structures of organisms over time.
ReplyDeleteIn the article Beyond Bones and Stones the evolution of the human skull is talked about. The skulls themselves support evolution. By showing an increase in brain size as one species of the human ancestor evolved to the next.
There are many evidences that support evolution, or change over time. One of the main evidences that supports this theory is paleontology, or the study of fossils. Paleontology shows us that organisms have changed gradually over time, as reflected in the fossil record. By studying fossils, we can see how organisms over time are related, but also have adapted and become more complex. Also, by studying biogeography, the study of how organisms vary across space and time, we can find evidence for evolution. This shows how similar species can be traced to one place of origin, and when barriers split a population, they gradually become more different. Vestigal organs give us more evidence for evolution because they show us how species evolved from other species because they have similar body parts, yet as they developed and evolved they became less useful to the new species. Genetics is also a very important piece of evidence. By studying similarities in genetic code, it becomes apparent that we evolved from other organisms
ReplyDeleteThere are many evidences that support evolution, or change over time. One of the main evidences that supports this theory is paleontology, or the study of fossils. Paleontology shows us that organisms have changed gradually over time, as reflected in the fossil record. By studying fossils, we can see how organisms over time are related, but also have adapted and become more complex. Also, by studying biogeography, the study of how organisms vary across space and time, we can find evidence for evolution. This shows how similar species can be traced to one place of origin, and when barriers split a population, they gradually become more different. Vestigal organs give us more evidence for evolution because they show us how species evolved from other species because they have similar body parts, yet as they developed and evolved they became less useful to the new species. Genetics is also a very important piece of evidence. By studying similarities in genetic code, it becomes apparent that we evolved from other organisms.
ReplyDeleteBased on the article “Beyond Stones and Bones” by Sharon Begley, we learned that the human skull has rapidly evolved over time. Over time, the skull has became more durable and strong compared to previous skulls of our ancestors. Also, the size of our skulls have increased and the brain has become more complex. By comparing the structure of our skulls to those of primates, it is apparent that we evolved from them because our skulls are similar to theirs, just more developed.
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ReplyDeleteOver time there has been a large amount of evidence for evolution. One thing that points to evolution is the existence of fossils. The Earth's crust contains layers upon layers of strata which build up over time. This creates a kind of geological timeline and a way to date fossils found in different layers. As it turns out, the deeper we find fossils, the less the fossils share characteristics of organisms today. This points to the fact that over time, organisms had changed for what they were before and have diversified into what they are today. DNA can also help support this theory of evolution. When skeletons of animals are found DNA can actually be extracted from the bone marrow and analysed to see how closely the DNA of one organism matches another. Through this procedure, we found that chimps and humans are over 98% homologous which means that chimps and humans are biologically similar.
ReplyDeletethe article beyond stones and bones takes an anthropological look at how humans evolved into what they are today. skulls of our ancestors were examined and researched, and it was discovered that as we evolved into homo sapiens our skulls got larger in order to hold a larger and more complex brain.the research of the skulls along with DNA research support the idea of evolution.
Fossils are concrete evidence that further supports the theory of evolution. Looking at and analyzing fossils allows us to relate organisms and make skeletal connections over a period of time to showcase physical changes and adaptations. We did just that in class as it pertained to the evolution of whales and their paleontology. With each subsequent fossil we saw minor changes, which eventually accumulated and resulted in the modern-day whale. This exercise also introduced to us the concept of vestigial structures. Because whales evolved from land mammals, they gradually lost the need for arms and legs. However, small bones for these structures remain present in the skeleton our of today's whales, despite millions of years of evolution. The skeleton of a homo sapien (human) even supports a vestigal structure: the tailbone. Though we no longer have tails, we have this reminder of our evolutionary past. DNA also provides for irrefutable suggestion toward the theory of evolution. Scientists now have the means to track genetic change over time and observe how evolution played has developed thus far. Genetic change actually is quite constant (as we learned in the article and video), so DNA is actually a useful “landmark” in the timeline. The article also brought up the issue of a single line of evolution. This notion is, in fact, inaccurate. Evolution doesn’t progress linearly. That is to say one species does not turn into another and then another and so on down the line. Instead, a single species can bear many evolutionary “grandchildren,” some of whom may make the cut of natural selection, and some who may not. Looking at homo sapiens and neanderthals, They have a common ancestor, but the humans survived and remain today whereas the Neanderthals have gone extinct. Another misconception that the article cleared up is that genetic changes don’t happen just once necessarily. A mutation might fail (be selected against) one time, and then be favorable when it pops up again perhaps millions of years in the future. By detailing the progression of the human skull, the article gave evidence for the evolution of humans through. As time passed, the skull of a human supported a larger and more durable cavity to hold a larger brain for a smarter, keener, more evolved species.
ReplyDeleteFossils have a rather mystique about them as they give only a glimpse into the history of organisms. However, they can be very useful in determining ancestry and the evolution hierarchy, or where organisms fit on the evolution tree. One way scientists can determine where they fit in, is by examining skeletons from the past and look at similar structures in the bone, then we can use carbon dating to discover when this organism was alive. One of the key clues we look at are vestigial structures, or bones that are still apart of the skeleton, but serve no purpose as they are left over from their past ancestors. An example of a vestigial structure is the coccyx or tail bone in humans, or even the small bones for legs that snake skeletons still have. In class, we took a look at the skeletons of wale and wale-like creatures to determine ancestry. It was fairly easy to determine the hierarchy as we looked at the vestigial structures of each organism, and also we could confirm our hypothesis of the order by taking a look at a cut away of the earth's crust and seeing where each fossil was found (typically the further down, the older the skeleton was). Furthermore, in the article "Beyond Stones and Bones" it shows various pieces of evidence about how the human skull has evolved rapidly over time. Then it also discusses the importance of looking at lice of all things. The article talks about how a scientist used lice and their evolution to discover when our ape ancestors lost their hair. Body lice live in clothing while head lice live in the hair on the head. Head lice are a species that go back millions of years while body lice are a more recent arrival. Mark Stoneking calculated that body lice evolved from head lice no more than 114,000 years ago. This piece of evidence allows us to transcend the issue of knowing when body hair dwindled and clothing became a necessity, demonstrating that we also did evolve from a previous being, which also supports evolution.
ReplyDeleteMany different forms of evidence support evolution. A common study is paleontology, the study of prehistoric life and fossils. These fossils can tell us about the interactions between different organisms, the environments they inhabited, and often important things such as their approximate age. The layer of earth that the fossil is found in helps to determine what the environment was like when the organism was alive. Comparing fossils from different layers in the earth also shows how each organism has changed over time, and how each has adapted to its specific environment. Along with paleontology, studying the vestigial organs of organisms is also proof of evolution. Comparing the vestigial organs of different organisms helps to show the similarities some organs have, but also the differences they adapt over time. Over time, these organs become less and less vital to the organism. Another piece of evidence can be biogeography, the study of the location different fossils and organisms are found all over the earth. Biogeography shows us how different species can be tracked back to a certain place of origin. When these populations migrate or break apart, you can start to see changes in the different species over time.
ReplyDelete“Beyond Stones and Bones” is an article discussing applications of the evidence supporting evolution. The article talked about how the size of skulls has changed over time. The skulls of our once non-erect ancestors were much smaller than they are today, and this article discussed the increase in brain size that has been reported over time in relation to the size of the skull. As time went on, the brain had room to grow more and more complex. Along with talking about the change in brain and skull size, “Beyond Stones and Bones” also talked about our close relation to chimpanzees. The DNA difference between a human and a chimp varies by only 1.2%. This show that at some point, nearly 6 million years ago, the lineage between chimps and humans split, thus giving aid to our differences today. These many changes provide ample evidence to support evolution.
Chloe Leuthaeuser | Period 5
Chris Fitzgerald pd. 5
ReplyDeleteIn the video we watched, and the class discussion, evidence for evolution has been presented in multiple examples. The first example of evidence is the similarity of species, for example felidae. Felidae is the biological family of all cats from house hold felines to tigers, lions, and cougars. Also providing evidence for evolution is vestigial structures. As environments change we adapt, organs and other structures that we no longer need stop working or unnecessary, like the spleen. Other structures just stop showing up.
From the article I learned that fossils show that there were close ancestors of humans living a long time ago but their features did not match up exactly with humans. This shows that there was slow evolution as thought because of how similar they are, yet different. DNA also shows that we are 96% similar to apes and much farther from other species/animals/living creatures, supporting that slow genetic changes have led to us being different from apes.
The evidence to evolution that we have found over the last couple years is overwhelming. The biggest contributors are the study of fossils. Paleontologists (fossil studiers) are able to compare the bone structure of an animal from hundreds of years ago to it’s descendent of today. It shows the changes the species has gone through and how those changes allowed them to adapt to their changing environment. Biogeography is another science that has given us proof of evolution. It is the study of looking at a certain species and tracking its evolution through time and space to see changes based on their habitat. Studying the genetic codes of species to see similarities between two complete organisms (ex. Humans and primates) also provides us with evolutionary proof.
ReplyDelete“Beyond Stones and Bones” allowed us to understand even more about evolution. It shows us how human skulls are not the same and how they have been changing overtime at a rather rapid pace. This is due to the development of the brain and as it became more and more complex, the bigger and safer (more durable) the skull had to become in order to protect this vital piece to our survival. It also talks about how looking at the skull of the primate, it is very obvious that we come from the same ancestry, just with a more advance and developed skull structure.
1) There is a lot of evidence that supports evolutions change over time. The most prominent example is fossils and how they have changes over time. We saw this in our discussion on Monday when we talked about how animals have evolved from a dog like structure with four legs to a whale like structure. this shows how much more complex the living organisms have gotten over time. From the video we saw that earth was completely inhabitable 3.8 billion years ago, then the four ingredients of life (H,C,O,N) allowed life to start on earth. We learned that the first signs of life came from places where it was dark and sub surfaced. There is so many more pieces of evidence saying that evolution has occurred including genetic evidence, evidence from complex proteins, and new plant species.
ReplyDelete2)From the article Beyond Stones and Bones there was a lot of evidence supporting the theory of evolution. the largest part was when the scientists compared the skulls in humans now compared to the first humans that roamed the earth. The skulls now are so much larger allowing room for a larger more complex brain, they also became more durable allowing more of a shock to be put to the head with a less amount of injury. The article compared the skulls of humans now to our close primates the apes. This was the beginning of the proposal that humans were closely related to the monkeys. Scientists discovered a Neanderthal Skull, they traced back to the origin in Africa. This skull showed how humans got the ability to walk on two feet
Kevin O'Connor P.5
ReplyDeleteMuch evidence catered toward evolution has been discovered. For example humans, bonobo monkeys, and chimpanzees share multiple characteristics. These commonalities strongly suggest a common ancestor. Also, vestigial organs can provide more proof for evolution. Organs/features that were once very useful to organisms may, over time, become useless as environments change. The human appendix is the classic example, but the pistil and stamen in dandelions or the tailbone in humans also are vestigial, though once very useful.
The article "Beyond Stones and Bones" discusses the human skulls rapid change over time. The human skull has increased both in size and in complexity, becoming more durable, over time. One can also compare human skulls to those of chimpanzees. Th commonalities in skulls, once again, strongly suggests a common ancestor.
LAURA SCHRECK, PERIOD 5
ReplyDeleteWith science and technology these days we have found many pieces of evidence to support evolution; one piece of evidence we have used to support evolution is the fossil record. The fossil record is like a time line by looking at different types of fossils and their strata levels, the findings have proven evolution time and time again. Another source to support evolution is looking at the anatomical structure of animals- the similarities from past generations to current, and differences in the species themselves. One of the main findings in animals that show evolution is vestigial structures. Vestigial structures and pieces in animals that are present but serve no function to the animal, but did serve a function in the past. For example humans have this with appendix’s and tail bones. The varying environments of animals and looking at their structures show evidence for evolution. Some other elements that have been crucial to support evolution include taxonomy, embryology, artificial selection, biochemical comparisons, genetics, and bio geography. The article Beyond Bones and Stones focuses on the human skull and how it has supported evolution through the structure and other factors. Over the years the skull has transformed into what is shown to be more complex and efficient in protecting the brain, along with growing in overall size as to adapt to the growth of the brain over the generations. These are clear and significant changes that are in my opinion sure signs of evolution. Humans have become more intelligent and adapted to their environment over the years due to this. With many sources of evolution now the human is only one of the many, but it shows evolution through visual and non visual pieces of evidence.
"Beyond Stones and Bones" By: Morgan Drummond P.3
ReplyDeleteThere are many different pieces of evidence that support evolution, or change over time. Paleontology (study of fossils) is one of the main evidences that supports evolution. By looking at the fossil record we can see that organisms have changed throughout time. By researching paleontology we can look at the similarities and differences between organisms as they evolve through time. These organisms have become more complex and many different species have come into existence. Also if we look at the distribution of organisms across space and time we can see further evidence of evolution. We can look where an organism was first found and see all of the evolutionary changes that occur when the organism radiates outward. This was shown by Darwin in the Galapagos Island. We can also look at species that have evolved from similar organisms, they share many traits but also have many key differences. These differences arise from change in surroundings that lead an organism to evolve. We can also study the similarities of different species genetic codes. The similarities in these codes conclude that evolution has occurred because they are so similar. I learned after reading the article "Beyond Stones and Bones" that the human skull has evolved over time at a rapid pace. It has become more durable and much more strong compared to previous skulls of our ancestors. The skull size has also increased due to the increase of complexity and size of our brain. However there are many similarities to the primate skull. By comparing and contrasting the human and primate skull, we can clearly determine that humans have evolved from apes.
There is a lot of evidence that supports the theory of evolution. The most conclusive support is the study of fossils, or paleontology. The way fossils appear in the layers of rock always corresponds to relative development. Paleontologist are able to look at the fossils from hundreds of years ago and compare them with the bones of humans and animals today, showing the differences in the bone structure. More primitive creatures will appear in lower (older) layers. Another key piece of evidence is genetic. For the example humans have a huge number of genes in common with apes and as much as 50% with wheat plants. The pattern of genetic evidence follows the patterns of ancestral relationships. Molecular evidence supports evolution. Anatomical evidence provides a view of the similarities between the anatomical structures of organisms over time. Biogeography is another way to study evolution. It is a way to track how species travel across space as well as time and see how different habitats affected certain species.
ReplyDelete“Beyond Stones and Bones” helped us realize that the human skull has not always stayed the same. The skulls themselves support evolution. The brain has become much more complex, making it so that the size of the skull has become larger as well as more durable and harder to shatter. By showing an increase in brain size as one species of the human ancestor evolved to the next
1.There have been several reports of evidence supporting evolution. They can be primarily categorized by geology, paleontology, and genealogy. The fact that fossils are found in the deepest layers of rock prove their age and provide aged structures to compare to modern species today. The difference in bone structure today compared to bone structure now also illustrates the evolution of man. Other sources of evidence include anatomical, molecular, and biogeographical.
ReplyDelete2. "Beyond Stones and Bone" highlights on the evidence of human evolution specifically in the skull. The the difference in size and structure over time provides strong evidence of evolution. The differences in size insinuates that the brain has grown over time and the structure supports adaptation.
"Beyond Stones and Bones" articulates the evidences for evolution as they are found in the skull. The changes in humans can be seen in the evolution of head lice. The uncovering of the Neanderthal skull showed that other human-like animals once roamed, and tools that were unearthed showed that we originated in Africa. But newer research is headed towards the use of DNA to determine turning points in our evolution. There is also paleoneurology, which is the observation of imprints left on the inside of the skull that tell us when our brains may have increased in size and capacity. These techniques are new ways to look at human evolution that are in many ways more efficient than fossils,
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